• Diagnosis of recurrent symptomatic paroxysmal AF (PAF) or persistent AF (PerAF) with the following documentation:

• Paroxysmal AF (Phase A participants)

⁃ Physician's note indicating symptoms consistent with recurrent symptomatic PAF AND

⁃ At least one documented episode of AF captured continuously on 12-lead ECG, or for at least 30 seconds on transtelephonic monitor (TTM), Holter monitor, telemetry strip, or similar within 12 months prior to enrollment

• Persistent AF (Phase A, B, and C participants)

⁃ Physician's note indicating symptoms consistent with recurrent symptomatic PerAF AND

⁃ Any 24-hour ECG recording of continuous AF within 12 months prior to enrollment OR

⁃ Two ECGs from any form of rhythm monitoring showing continuous AF taken at least 7 days apart within 12 months prior to enrollment OR

⁃ History of ≥2 direct current cardioversion (DCCV) performed within 12 months prior to enrollment

• Failure or intolerance of at least one antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) (Class I - IV) for AF, as evidenced by recurrent symptomatic PerAF or intolerable side effects due to the AAD

• Age 18 through 75 years-old on the day of enrollment

• Patient is indicated for an ablation procedure according to society guidelines or study site practice

• Patient is willing and able to give informed consent and is willing, able, and committed to participate in baseline and follow-up evaluations for the full duration of the study